Read before you drink

I used to never care about ingredient lists. I used to believe that everybody that makes food, has a conscience. But these days, with the viral videos of fake meat, coloured fruits and vegetables and even fake rice, I'm getting very paranoid.

So I thought maybe drinks will be spared. And I started liking almond milk, that everytime woolies or coles have a brand on half price, I will definitely choose that brand. That is until I read about Carrageenan and Gellan Gum. Hmm. 2 new ingredients that I never once bothered. 

And surprise, almost all the almond milks that I have consumed, has either of these ingredients. To tell you the truth, I don't think it has a very serious impact on me. Hmm unless the serious eczema condition is due to it because that's something I been battling for a few months which I find it odd too. Odd that it has affected more areas than it used to affect. I attributed it to old age i.e. genetics change. 

These 2 ingredients, especially carrageenan, usually affect those with indigestion though. Maybe the thought of IBS reminded me of someone, which lead me to write this post. To remind that in this world, people are putting more and more artificial ingredients in our food, and we should stop eating and drinking blindly. 

That's all I can do for now. Other than drinking only Pureharvest almond milk which is the only one I trust for now but rarely goes on specials. Sigh. 

P/S: I find it amusing that when I add and you accept, then why am I removed afterwards. Puzzling thoughts.

PP/S: And I finally used up the gargle solution from last year and yet my throat is still sore.  Oh well, at least one less item to keep. 

Fear of time

Try to imagine a life without timekeeping. You probably can’t. You know the month, the year, the day of the week. There is a clock on your wall or the dashboard of your car. You have a schedule, a calendar, a time for dinner or a movie. Yet all around you, timekeeping is ignored. Birds are not late. A dog does not check its watch. Deer do not fret over passing birthdays. an alone measures time. Man alone chimes the hour. And, because of this, man alone suffers a paralyzing fear that no other creature endures. A fear of time running out. - Mitch Albom, The Time Keeper

I had visited the library in hope to find "The Girl on the Train" novel. Because the girls had wanted to watch it in the outdoor cinema but I had rejected the invite. Because some days, I still see the ghosts of yesteryears and although I know that

Holding on to things only breaks your heart 

I didn't want to erase certain memories.

And a man without memories is just a shell. 

But I couldn't find that book. Instead I found The Time Keeper by Mitch Albom. A weird story plot. But yet a very thought provoking book. And these days, I'm into weird story plots anyway. How else can I accept a mermaid that can erase memories. Or a grim reaper offering the paradise tea. Or even the almighty who cast the oblivion spell.

When you are young, you wish time will go faster. I don't know at which stage though,  I have wished for time to be slower. I wake up each day, feeling unfulfilled.

Everything man does today to be efficient, to fill the hour? It does not satisfy. It only makes him hungry to do more. Man wants to own his existence. But no one owns time. When you are measuring life, you are not living it.

I guess that is my problem. Measuring my life's existence. Thinking I own time. Forgetting that I come to this life empty handed, and I leave empty handed.

I don't know is it the thought if almighty is really that petty as Goblin portrayed was the reason for this post, or the shock from the Friday's accident at Bourke St mall that invoke me to type this post. The fear that time can be taken away from you so suddenly, 2 blocks away from where you stay.

Just as I don't know if the oblivion tea is the deity's way of showing grace? It's so you won't fall in agony at your next life. Even Legends has shown that if you retain your memories in your next life, and if you are a sinner, you will lead a very miserable second life too. Funny that all these shows philosophies can actually relate to each other in the same way.

I only wish that for all the grief that has been caused by one reckless driver, they will all be offered the paradise tea to forget the trauma they had endured. 2017 has indeed started with a very different note. Hopefully the arrival of the CNY will bring some happier notes. 

Stuck

김경희 (Kim Kyung Hee) – Stuck in love Lyrics Goblin OST Part 11

How can I get over you

Why do we have to be apart

We go where

nobody has ever been

And we come again from

the place we have never known

There are too many shadows

of your love everywhere around me

Stuck stuck stuck in love

Mysterious light

I’m still discovering

How can I get over you

Why do we have to be apart

And I’m wondering

if you know why know why

And I’m wondering

if you know why know why

bflygal: Simple song. Simple lyrics. Simple wish. Simple reason. 

I once thought I will be courageous.

I once tried to go where the path is less trodden. 

My courage failed me though.

Last night conversation of how kids these day are maturing earlier,

about how nephews chatting with random strangers

and nieces being bullies..

We concluded that in the very near future, 

boys will not be boys anymore

and girls might not be girls anymore.

And I wondered perhaps we have all been born too early,

stuck in the middle of a change phase. 

They grow up too fast, or are we the slow ones. 

p/s: 

3 weeks of on the bench has gotten me stuck with 2 melodramas.

How much more tears to shed for Goblin & Legend?

I fear I run out of tears soon

or my heart will have an attack next.

Maybe that's for the better...

Simple wish

One month of on-the-bench but I hardly stepped into my thoughts world. Nor stepped into my correspondence world. My indulgence were simple - Pokemon, Kdrama, Inferno.

While reading Inferno, one learned the great love story of Dante & Beatrice. And one wonders how could one love someone whom he only met twice in a span of 9 years. Courtly love it was described.

But was it really practiced in real life before? Maybe if we were simpler in thoughts?

How simple? Like flying over to meet the parents and hoping that all will be happily ever after. Sweet but will it work in real life? I will never know in this time frame. And so this 2015/2016 proposal, will finally be shredded up after months of deliberation. Because I have been threatened countless times, and K has been harassed several times. I once wanted to keep mementos but even in Kdrama, the leads always burn away the mementos of their past to go forward with the future. And since I was labelled not a simple girl, even if it hurts, I will let it go finally. Cos I no longer have the energy to struggle to keep friendships. Years of conditioning to be a hermit has finally made me into what I am now. Elusive. And all these fighting, will only taint the happy memories. I once wanted something simple. I still do. So as with every temple visits, I will continue to pray for my simple wish and to seek guidance for the path to be on. 

猪口在 wild marathon

The only thing I know I did right was to apply for a library membership card years ago. Nowadays my routine during the weekends are, QVM in the morning & library in the noon. Some days I can spend my entire weekends in the library. And sometimes even a Friday evening too. Especially now that I know of the Hot Pick corner where I can borrow any recommended dvd so long I return in 3 days.

And so I got WILD from Hot Pick, and then Never Let Me Go from the common shelves and lastly my usual dosage of drama marathon - 猪口在.

猪口在 is a simple guy because of his savant mind. And he always go with this motto:
If you cry, you can't see what's in front of you.
You only cry when it's okay not to look anymore.

Because of his motto, I try to cope the days here tearlessly. Because I am still searching for the future path and I cannot let the tears blurred my already fuzzy future.

"Never Let Me Go" on the other hand, is a weird movie. A future where even clones who were created for their precious organs, wanted to fight to live like a typical human. And why shouldn't they considering they have a heart and feelings too. I remembered when I first watched AI, the boy robot also wanted to be like other boys, to eat spinach like them, to play and swim like them. But he was outcast because he does not have a heart nor is he expected to have feelings. Then what about clones since they can create and store memories.

And so the clones tried to love. And then they tried to struggle against their fate.

What it is to have a soul and how you prove?

The rumor says if they can prove they have a soul, they will be exempted. And arts is one way to prove if he/she has a soul. Or so they thought.

I spend most of my time not looking forwards but looking backwards.

In the end, it is all for nothing. Because if fate decrees, then no matter how much you struggle, you will still end up in the path as dictated. Your organs will still required to be harvested. And you will still die after multiple transplant surgeries. Even if you have a lover. Even if you excel in arts. And if it is pointless in looking forward, then maybe looking backwards will make u treasure life a bit more?

And then the movie that inspired me to write this post - Wild

So much cherished quotes from Cheryl Strayed.

There's a sunset and sunrise in every day.
And you can decide to be there for it or not.
You can put yourself into beauty.

Even a child was in love with the world
after he got a new pair of shoes.

If I go back to time
I wouldn't do a single thing differently.
We are never purposed for what we expected.

I only have another 300 miles to walk
And when I'm done
I have to start living.

Cheryl chose the name Strayed because she felt she had strayed from her life's path. And she believed hiking through California and Oregon to the Bridge of the Gods into Washington would lead her back to the path.

"Bridge of the Gods". I like the name of this bridge. Wish I will have a chance to visit the bridge.

And when I'm on that bridge, I would like to tell myself too, that I wouldn't do a single thing differently. Because this was the path that God lead me to. 

DOTS and She Was Pretty

I lost 2 posts that day.. this was the second one. And so I re-watched DOTS to re-record all the points I wanted to keep again.

I am a doctor.
Life has dignity.
I don't think anything is more important than dignity.

>> Does all doctors think that way?

People can't be happy with lingering feelings.

>> Hmm sometimes I think life is all about feelings though. And when feelings linger, when emotions run unchecked, when life is open-ended, this is why future is unpredictable. Maybe I like to be sad most of the time... actually not true. I like to be angry most of the time.

Of course, doctors start nagging regardless of nationality.

>> Totally agree.

War is easy and peace is hard.
Perhaps, that is why dictators live a long life.

>> Especially in our war torn Earth, totally agree.

Be honourable at every moment.
There is no reason not to be.

>> I wish all of us thinks with such a soldier's mentality. I don't regret a lot of things that I did before. Though sometimes I wish I could have done it better or handle it better. But after my 25th birthday, I tried to live a life without regrets. However, lately, I wonder, should I regret certain things.

After DOTS, I still had the korean craze and decided to watch "She Was Pretty". Not as inspirational as DOTS, but it had talked about the Zeigarnik Effect and maybe that's why I wanted to record it down. The previous Korean dram "Oh My Venus" also had the "She Was Pretty" story theme. Always about a pretty young gal turning into a not so glamorous mid-age lady. This drama was more for laughter and to occupy my nights of boredom.

Love is crazy and openly allowed. (Frome the movie, "Her")
Be crazy.
Doesn't everyone love while being that crazy?
Instead of complicating it,
if you let yourself be crazy, it's simpler.
Don't look back and regret it
but just go for it.

Zeigarnik Effect.
An incomplete effect would be easier to explain but,
it's a case of not being able to forget something that you never got to finish.
In the end, the fact that you can't forget your first love
might not be because you have a keen affection for her or because it's fate.
You never got to see it to the end
and that might be the real reason you can't easily forget her.
So get out of your past
and live in the present
is what I'm saying.

Lastly, on the way back, Charlie Puth was accompanying me to sleep in the plane. And this song was my favourite...

The Power of Facebook

Actually I lost my draft of this article and was wondering it could be destiny that I should not write about it. Besides something else happened and I have physically wrote a letter ... somewhat..

So do I still want to store this event? In a way I should. I guess. But I would prefer to keep it brief, maybe try to make it light-hearted. Instead of the sombre tone that was in the initial draft.

I knew the influence of social media since I started with teleview, ICQ, Friendster and MySpace.

For M, I had introduced to her Facebook. And sometimes the way she uses it startles me. Like how she found out the double life of my tenant. I have to admit she can be quite a stalker.

And I have no doubt on her intelligence. Especially after this Easter long weekend.

Because I was extended, I thought to visit my friend's 'weekend getaway'. She had taken a month leave because her alpacas (3) were unpacking. I had loved my past 2 visits when I was here. It reminds me of the hermit life I once wanted. The Au life I had once dream upon. I guess I was greedy to experience it one more time. That I forgot how remote the connection would be, especially as she mentioned on a long Easter weekend where visitors were rampant which congest the network drastically.

As I took the regional bus to Mansfield, I pondered if I should get a Telstra sim card at one point, but was too lazy to execute the action. Besides nobody seem to be contacting me that Friday. And when my friend brought me to the city for farmer's market on Saturday morning, there were no messages for me. Maybe I should have responded my brother's Scandinavian photos but I was having my ME time enjoying the market that I forgot. And then once again, as I leave the city, I had once again become unreachable.

We had thought the alpacas should be unpacking soon but Sunday came, yet no action from the mamas. My friend wanted to stay indoors to be ready anytime. And so I did my next favourite activity (when I have no internet), reading. Like what she said, I became quite a reading machine as I stayed in the same spot and finish reading a fiction book she had loaned me. I totally forgot the world around me then. Exactly the life I sometimes wanted. Dangerous though. Because the next thing I knew, it was sunset and we dropped by her neighbour house for some drinks and chats.

The neighbour's backyard has a road that can lead to the top of the hill. So I asked to go up and catch the sunset view. My friend had mentioned that the connection will work at the top too. So I thought to check my phone the same time. That's when I realised how many messages D had tried to send me. He used to do it once in a blue moon, checking on me ever since he's ill. But I never expected his reaction when I did not reply for a day.

It got to the extent M actually dropped a message on the last photo tagged to get my colleague to find me.

If I can find any humour in this incident, it is the 'i told you' scenario to Doc before... that not a single colleague will even be able to find me if I was sick. One WA from Adelaide, One WA from Japan, One LINED from Japan, and clingyM LINED from Melbourne, but nobody .. absolutely nobody managed to find me. Well no AU phone number to call, no address, no inkling where I went.

Luckily though M had contacted K too. Remarkably she was smart enough to know how to find K from the "? liked this photo" feature.

Which is why I have to say, I'm totally in awe of M's intelligence. And utterly embarrassed by what she did. I didn't know how to face my colleagues come Tuesday. And not once did I really discussed this with clingyM.

Though many days later, when my agent were in Melbourne and decided to have dinner with me and clingyM, and clingyM's wife subtly asked me what is my address. And I asked is it because of that incident which she replied ya, nobody seems to know where I lived even.

That night I cried myself to sleep as I wondered about a zillions things. But GA gave me a beautiful gift on Easter Monday to take away all my sorrow. Maybe 2 beautiful gifts. I woke up with a bunch of kangaroos right outside the window eating. Finally as the last 2 mornings, I had trouble waking up early to take photos of them. And I thought that was my parting gift.

Except that this was actually my parting gift...

I was very glad I chose to leave on Monday afternoon. Even though the traffic is so bad that I was an hour plus later than intended. Because it is not everyday that I get to see a new birth. The feeling when I see his legs dangling out of the mama's bottom was so incredulous. I wished I had taken my long lens to capture it properly. :(

As I watch the baby fell many times while trying to take his baby steps... till he finally manage to stand and walk ... I'm truly glad for life as is. I only wish D can recover like baby too.

The Abyss

abyss
/əˈbɪs/
noun
a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm.

When I first heard Daniel Veerapen's "Abyss", I was entranced. The Rose might be an alright short film for me, but this song haunts me.

I went on with some other film like Dressmaker which I really like the twist and hope to read the book some other time. And happy film like Kung Fu Panda. And then Ip Man 3. Question - why  葉子楣 is Amy Yip but 葉問 is Ip Man? If Ip Man was called Yip Man, perhaps there wouldn't be those IT jokes long ago. And about Ip Man 3, I felt it gave an overly romantic view of the Grand master. In terms of martial arts realm, there is no denying his skill and passion for teaching. But Ip Man 3 had concentrated also on his personal life. This is where I felt had been dramatized. In those days, it is impossible for a wife to even show her displeasure to the husband. Besides, when she died, she had already been separated from her husband and had only her children with her then. There was no husband accompanying her at her death bed.
Source: http://history.people.com.cn/BIG5/198307/13110937.html

Of course in today's world, it is expected for husband to be more 'new age' and 'scared of wife' as part of the good husband criteria. I still remembered when the male lead was telling the joke on that. And his wife asked if he is scared of wife too.

Maybe the despondent ME is not able to appreciate the romantic Grand Master.

CapFren has bumped up his mail recently. I did not reply his Dec email because I was overwhelmed with all the changes happening. I thought I would be stronger 3 months later to reply the bumped email. But .. I wasn't. And I don't want to write in a despondent tone. Sorry. That is the only word I can muster now. Maybe when I officially leave Melbourne. That is another 3 more months though. :(

I remembered when Feb ended, I was so happy that 1 month is gone. But somehow with end of March, I couldn't muster the happiness of counting down that another month is gone. Guess the fact that 2 of my colleagues are leaving next week is more than I could stomach. Happy for them, unhappy for myself. Argh!

Focus: the second long weekend will arrive soon. And it will be good. So butterflygalz, please persevere till then. 

And there was light

It all started when the lease was extended. When I first moved in, I already had to get the electrician to replace 2 toilet lights and 1 kitchen light because the previous tenant did not do it. And I told myself these 6 months, I should be safe from changing any lights on my own.

Then I got extended. And the bedroom light bulb fused. A test if I can still change light bulb was given. Did I pass it?

For the whole work week, I did nothing. Lit only by my laptop screen, I slept early when eyes got tired. Then head to work the next day, coming back before sunset but still refusing to touch the wall light. Because I seen how many insects been lured to these 2 wall lights, and never made it out. It is really not a task I want to embark on in the evening.

Finally Saturday arrives. Managed to borrow screwdriver from 光, because he's my 'neighbour' from the next block. Thankfully. Still remember months before, when he was puzzled why every time he turned round the block, he will see me walking to office too. It took awhile to realised we were 'neighbours' and after half a year, I'm glad for that fate at times.. like this. (And when I want to play with air fryer "p )

Although he did offer his help when I asked about electrician fee... but I had remarkably managed to reach the wall light. Cleaned the wall light. 'Bury' the insects. And finally, carefully took out the fused light bulb.

After making a few queries on where I could buy the light bulb, and dropping by a few places e.g. Big W and Coles futilely, I called it a day. Once again I succumb to darkness when sun falls.

By Sunday, after dim sum with colleagues and being teased for actually being able to reach my lights... "Really butterflygalz, you managed to reach it??" and them starting to come out tall stories on maybe I tiptoed with a chair on a table on a xxx. (Actually I used to do that sort of stuff in my previous house. I remembered fondly my parents even moved a table upstairs so that dad could reach one of the bedroom light bulbs too. Those were the healthy days...)

And I decided it is time to have some light. Tramming to Bunnings and once again, was told the light bulb for that particular voltage is sold out. By then, I have been exhausted and I asked if I can get a lower voltage to replace instead. The staff agreed it was a good idea and so I executed the plan. Repeated the same formation as per Saturday and finally after sun set, there was light...

Two interesting things did happened before there was light.
1) I suddenly remembered I had 2 bedside lamps all the while that I never tried to turn it on though. And considering the bedside table was my 'ladder' when I was reaching for the wall light, I wondered if I had stared right through my alternative light source.
2) Initially after I fixed it, there was still no light. And I thought sigh, butterflygalz's replacing light bulb skills has turned rusty. Test fail. But I remembered 光 had mentioned before I replaced the light bulb, to turn off the light circuit in the switch box. And I commented that I usually only just turned off the light only. So I tried his suggestion and voila, it worked.

When Monday comes, I'm still in a good mood. Because it is PH! And Moomba Parade! Though I missed everything but the last part where the dragon was dancing because 光 was late. But then I wasn't dying to go to the parade in the first place. Actually I had lost interest in a lot of the activities in Melbourne already. And so yes, sometimes I'm thankful of 光 who will 'chio' me out at times.

Especially when it was to seek death...

credits from moombafestival

.. with scary rides.

I actually couldn't remember the ride name anymore. But while searching google, I saw a video on the same ride in 2013.

Now I wonder, how did I got myself convinced to pay 12 aud for a ride to death? Maybe because I was seeking. Probably explained why I took off my shoes before I board the ride. 

Faulpez attempts to make Mint Chip Ice Cream

Actual recommended ingredients:
1 c ( 250ml) Milk
3/4 c (150g) Sugar
2 c (500ml) Heavy Cream
pinch of Sea Salt
2 c (80g) lightly packed fresh Peppermint Leaves (or more if you like)
5 lrg Egg Yolks
5 oz (140g) Dark Chocolate, finely chopped (do not use choc. chips)
Adapted from David Lebovitz’s The Perfect Scoop. Makes about 1 qt.

Unfortunately I made an adaptation because
1. I don't know what is peppermint leaves. I just bought mint and hope it is peppermint and not spearmint?
2. I wanted a healthier version so I put more milk and less cream i.e.
2 C Milk, 1 C Cream
3. No sea salt so use normal salt

More or less I made some other adapations. Afterall Faulpez rarely follows recipe rigidly. Thus the directions that I followed are

1. Combine the 1 C of milk, sugar, cream, and salt in a saucepan and gently warm until bathwater warm. Squeeze mint leaves in your hands to help release the oils a bit and add to warm milk mixture. Stir until they are all settled into to the saucepan, remove pan from heat, cover, and set aside for 1-2 hours (depending on how minty you’d like the ice cream to be)

2. Strain the mint-infused mixture into another med. sized saucepan, using a fine mesh strainer (if you have all these equipments. For me I just hand squeeze the mint leaves to extract as much of the delicious minty-ness you can out of them, then discard the mint leaves, in the same saucepan).

3. Prepare for the final step by putting the remaining 1 c of heavy cream (or milk for my case) in a medium bowl with a fine mesh strainer over the top (I skipped that sorry).

4. Prepare an ice bath which this medium bowl will fit into. Set both aside.

5. Gently re-warm the mint mixture, and in a separate medium sized bowl whisk together the egg yolks. Slowly pour the mint mixture into the egg yolks, whisking constantly. Pour this mixture back into the saucepan and return to the heat.

6. Heat over med. heat, stirring constantly, until the mixture thickens and coats the back of the spoon. Pour the thickened mixture through the fine mesh strainer into the remaining heavy cream. Place bowl in the ice bath and stir to combine and cool the mixture in the ice bath.

7. Chill the mixture in the refrigerator until fully chilled.

8. After mint ice cream mixture is fully chilled in the fridge, begin gently melting dark chocolate in a saucepan over simmering water (or directly in a saucepan if you have a cooktop which will cycle on and off like Thermador’s XLO (ExtraLow) function. Hmm mine was a heat stove which does goes on and off so I did it directly.

9. If you have an ice cream maker, continue this step:
begin churning ice cream in your ice cream maker according to manufacturer’s instructions. When the ice cream is nearly finished freezing in the ice cream maker, slowly drizzle the melted chocolate into the ice cream, trying to avoid pouring onto the paddle or dasher. If the chocolate clings to the paddle (dasher) stop the ice cream maker and use a spatula or spoon to break up any chunks. Put mint chip ice cream in freezer to finish setting the ice cream if necessary.

10. If you do not have the ice cream maker... like me.. well.. more effort required...

a. Take your ice cream recipe mixture and carefully pour it into the bowl, then chill in the fridge for up to 2 hours, checking on it after 1 hour. The reason it can take longer than an hour is when a recipe mixture has had cooked ingredients added, therefore thorough chilling will take longer.

b. Take the bowl out of the fridge and transfer to the freezer for about half an hour. Then check just how much the mixture has frozen - ideally, it should have started to freeze at the edges but not fully through to the centre.

c. Take the bowl out of the freezer and beat the ice cream mixture until it’s creamy once again (to dislodge and break up the ice crystals that have formed).

d. Put it back in the freezer for another half hour, then remove and once again beat with a whisk (or spoon for my case).

e. Do this again so that you have beaten the mixture a total of 3 times whilst freezing in between. At the last time, you should pour the melting dark chocolate which will immediately freeze and starts behaving like choco chips when you break it into pieces.

f. Put the mixture back into the freezer for a final time until it’s ready to eat. This can take anything from 30 minutes upwards, depending upon the quantity and type of ice cream you’re making and also how you like the consistency of your ice cream (some people like it softer, some harder).

p/s: Actually I fell asleep by the last time but thankfully not much damage and my ice cream still looked like ice cream. Just probably tasted abit like toothpaste.. I guess I did use the wrong mint in the end?

Bflygal comment: Another 2011 memory.. 17th March 2011. I used to remember 18th March was once an important day for another context. But for this mint chip ice cream context, I had thought of deleting this post too. Like I have thought of throwing away the santa run costume so many times. I know I will not bring it back to SG when I finally leave this apartment, because the costume quality was quite disappointing. For a run I wished to join for so many years, it has somehow become the last run I did. Haven't had much inclination to embark another run. Maybe because I was sick for a few weeks.. all I wish for is to go home. First long weekend coming soon, perhaps something to cheer me up. 

p/s: I actually cannot remember the heat stove could go on and off. Queer. But lately when I was baking brownies and lava cake, I had to melt white chocolate. I tried the microwave but didn't like the method. So I tried the fancy Bain-marie method instead haha. Is just a double boil method and obviously I did the improvised method cos Faulpez will never buy any special equipment, at least not in a rented apartment. I did buy a square baking pan though for the brownie in the end because I couldn't accept a round brownie as the result. As for my ice cream making days, I know that year I even borrowed an ice cream maker later and made golden kiwifruit ice cream, coffee ice cream and matcha ice cream. Hmm but I think those were the days. Now my freezer only has store bought bailey ice cream and some fancy ice cream from Lygon. However I would like this golden-hued memory that has turned blue at this moment, to become more golden according to the Pollyanna principle.